Circularly polarized bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diodes for a neural radiance field-based 3D display
Nature.com·July 21, 2026
AI Summary
Researchers have developed circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes that combine memory, computing, and display functions for 3D visualization applications. The optimized devices demonstrate high brightness exceeding 22,000 cd/m² with a dissymmetry factor of 0.92 while maintaining reduced energy consumption.
Intelligent three-dimensional displays require both powerful computing capabilities and high display performance, yet these metrics have long been constrained by the inherent trade-off between efficiency and image quality. Here we introduce circularly polarized bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diodes featuring an integrated memory-processing-display architecture to break this long-standing limitation. The bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diode incorporates a chiral bulk-heterojunction active layer formed by an achiral emissive polymer and chiral small molecules. Through precise control of the blend composition, we co-engineer supramolecular ordering and carrier dynamics, enabling the in situ modulation of synaptic weights and multilevel conductance states. This effectively transforms organic light-emitting diodes from passive light emitters into an integrated memory-computing-display system with enhanced computing efficiency and polarized emission. The optimized device achieves a peak luminance of 22,306 cd m−2, a high circularly polarized electroluminescence dissymmetry factor of 0.92, together with ultralow energy consumption of 1.78 pJ per spike. Hardware validation using a 64 × 64 device array demonstrates uniform and distinguishable 5-bit conductance distributions, with an energy consumption of 0.046 nJ per device and 17.472 nJ per pixel per computation. We further integrate our bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diodes into a neural radiance field framework, enabling stereoscopic greyscale three-dimensional scene reconstruction on 100 × 180 arrays. This memory-computing-display integration strategy provides a promising pathway towards intelligent display technologies.
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All data supporting the results in this study are included in the article and its Supplementary Information. Source data are provided with this paper. Additional data are available from the corresponding author upon request.
The codes used in this work are available via GitHub at https://github.com/Liulixuan1996/Code-used-for-modified-NeRF-framework- (ref. 47). They include the modified NeRF framework for 64-dimensional hardware-aware rendering, stereo view generation with adjustable baseline, rendering-only evaluation scripts, dataset-size sweep and PSNR analysis tools, and the associated modelling codes used in this study.
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We thank X. Gan for valuable assistance with the NeRF network simulations.
H.C. acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2525007 and 62374033). L.L. acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52403230), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2024J011310 and 2025J09059) and the Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China (2023RC102).
These authors contributed equally: Lixuan Liu, Zhenjia Chen.
Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China
CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, China
H.C. conceived of the idea. L.L. and H.C. guided the project. L.L. performed the material characterization, device fabrication and device measurements. Z.C. carried out the algorithm implementation and developed the hardware system. X.M., X.L. and Y.C. assisted with spectroscopic characterization. S.L. and W.H. contributed to algorithm execution and optimization. D.L. and Z.L. assisted in the construction of the display system. J.Z. performed the GIWAXS measurements and analysis. Y.H. and Z.W. contributed to data analysis and discussion. L.L., Z.C. and H.C. drafted the paper. All authors contributed to discussing the results and commented on the paper.
The authors declare no competing interests.
Nature Photonics thanks Yang Li and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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Supplementary Figs. 1–37, Tables 1–6, Notes 1–4 and references.
Statistical source data for Figs. 2–4 and 6.
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Liu, L., Chen, Z., Ma, X. et al. Circularly polarized bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diodes for a neural radiance field-based 3D display. Nat. Photon. (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-026-01966-4
